Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie Number 07/2012

The results of experiences at the application microgravity research for detection and exploration of the underground mining cavities done by the authors for 30 years are presented in the paper. The results several application are presented. The special attention was paid to postexploited mining ground surface in the parts of the inhabited regions. The satisfied result were reached for protection railways lines, main roads and highway. The microgravity researches are also very important for postexploited mining areas to restore them as a ground for building purpose.

Bathymetry of the sea bottom in the Puck Bay is heterogeneous. There are a lot of natural shallows and depressions. Some of the depressions have been created recently as a result of human activity. The most thoroughly investigated post-dredging pits (Władysławowo, Chałupy, Kuźnica II, Kuźnica I i Jastarnia), located in the northern part of the Puck Bay, have been the aim of numerous studies. Consequently, restoration programs have been elaborated and are planned to be implemented in 2012. The other post-dredging pits in the Puck Bay, studied less thoroughly or not at all, are waiting for their turn. Taking into consideration the effects of dredging work in the Puck Bay, one may conclude that dredging activities in the marine areas require special caution approach and well-thought out decisions including ecological aspects as well. Potential profits gaining form that kind of activity might not cover all costs borne during restoration work.

Current analyses of the tremble show that for surface infrastructure a great significance has trembles, which de-rives from tremors of high seismic energy, near epicenter distances and long duration of ground motion. These occurrences contribute a strong action on the surface area and they can be an effect of potential building damage. Based on studied the empirical formulas near epicenter distance from source of tremor, the parameters of trembles are lower than registration values. As the distance increases from epicenter of occurrences the estimated formulas have better approximation. The aim of this paper was shown differences between vibrations’ records and estimated parameters near epicenter distance. The analysis makes use of seismological observations recorded in the seismic station ZG Rudna mine.

The discovery in 1953 in the region of Tarnobrzeg sulfur deposits has contributed to many years of exploitation of this resource. In Poland in the years 1966 ÷ 2001 sulfur extraction was Performed using the exploitation method that hole in the Mines "Mushroom", "Mach II", "Basznia" and "Jeziórko". Launched in 1993, Sulphur Mine "Osiek" leads the operation to this date. The current work includes issues related to the orifice method of sulfur extraction, with particular emphasis on environmental hazards caused by construction damage of the borehole. The article contains a brief description of the sulfur by a hole method and present a construction of the exploitation hole. The authors present the causes of damage construction of the borehole damage and related phenomena self-outflow reservoir waters and the eruption. Investigate the mechanism of these phenomena and the introduction of new methods for their elimination, enabled eliminate the occurrence of new and removing existing phenomenon. Liquidation all the boreholes drilled in the tertiary, conducted within the mining plant liquidation, and this will help to eliminate their negative impact on the environment.

The surface areas requiring reclamation in Poland exceeds 60 000 ha, of which, 44 000 ha are occupied by mining. The predominant reclaimed postmining use is forestery (60%). Spoil heap of coal mining in the area of Upper Silesian Industrial Region (GOP) are the objects harmful to the environment and often are located in areas excluded from forest production. The majority of the reclaimed areas is passed under the administration of LP. These areas are included into the Forest Management Plan which contain characteristics of forest sites and tree stands. The aim of this study was to analyze the area of forest reclamation, tree stand age, species composition and forest site classification on the reclaimed spoil heap passed under the administration of Forest Inspectorate Brynek (RDLP Katowice). Findings show that in the analyzed area, surfaces excluded from forest production amounted 87.07 ha, and the surface of reclaimed area amounted 34.41 ha. The diagnosis of forest habitat was made only on 10.46 hectares, and the dominant forest habitat is Fresh mixed decideous forest (LMśw) (89.7%). The dominant trees species are European larch (17% of the stands), birch (16%), oak (15%) and Scots pine (11%). Stands are in I (first) and II (second) class of age.

The Middle Odra Region is part of the Miocene coal-bearing province, which builds the upper stages of the Fore-Sudetic monocline. There are numerous brown coal deposits here – bedded (undisturbed) or glacitectonically deformed (during the Pleistocene glaciations). In the Polish part of the Middle Odra Region, are the following deposits: Babina, Cybinka, Gubin, Brody, Mosty, Żary, Zielona Góra and Sieniawa, where altogether approx. 2.2 billion Mg of the resources have been documented. At present, brown coal is only being mined at the Sieniawa deposit (by the surface method), where approx. 40 thousand Mg per year is mined. In the German part of the Middle Odra Region, in turn, there is approx. 13.1 billion Mg of brown coal. It is being mined in several opencast mines: Jänschwalde, Cottbus-Nord, Welzow-Süd (Brandenburg) and Nochten (Saxony), and in the nearest future five other mines are going to be opened. Today, Poland also stands a great chance of increasing its output of brown coal in the Middle Odra Region, as it is going to build a brown coal open pit combined with a power station of 1600 MW in the boroughs of Gubin and Brody.